Sustainable development and enhancement of cracking processes using metallic composites

Abstract Metallic composites represent a vital class of materials that has gained increased attention in crude oil processing as well the production biofuel from other sources recent times. Several catalytic have been reported literature for cracking, particularly, oil. This review seeks to provide comprehensive overview existing and emerging methods/technologies such metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), metal–matrix (MMCs), support materials, bridge information gaps toward sustainable advancement catalysis petrochemical processes. There is an increase industrial environmental concern emanating sulphur levels oils, hence need develop more efficient catalysts hydrotreatment (HDS HDN) processes, combating challenge catalyst poisoning deactivation; bid improving overall quality oils use catalyst. Structural improvement, high thermal stability, enhanced cracking potential, sustainability various benefits accrued metallic opposed conventional employed